GMS:PEST ASP Package: Difference between revisions

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{{MODFLOW Links}}
{{MODFLOW Links}}
{{Template:Version GMS 9.0}}
{{hide in print|'''''Prior to version 9.0 this command and dialog were called "Convergence Options".'''''}}
'''Prior to version 9.0 this command and dialog were called "Convergence Options".'''
 
When performing [[GMS:Automated Parameter Estimation|automated parameter estimation]], a set of optimal parameter values can only be found if [[GMS:MODFLOW|MODFLOW]] produces a stable solution for  all iterations. One of the things that can cause problems with the inverse model is cells going dry. The dry cell flag that is written to the head array can  cause instability in the inverse model, and thus it will not converge. When such problems occur, a successful run may be achieved by turning on some convergence options that have been added to the GMS version of MODFLOW by John Doherty. These options are accessed via the '''''PEST ASP Package''''' command in the '''''MODFLOW''''' menu. The options are as  follows:


When performing [[GMS:Automated Parameter Estimation|automated parameter estimation]], a set of optimal parameter values can only be found if [[GMS:MODFLOW|MODFLOW]] produces a stable solution for  all iterations. One of the things that can cause problems with the inverse model is cells going dry. The dry cell flag that is written to the head array can  cause instability in the inverse model, and thus it will not converge. When such problems occur, a successful run may be achieved by turning on some convergence options that have been added to the GMS version of MODFLOW by John Doherty. The PEST-ASP package is available in MODFLOW-2000, -2005, -NWT, and -LGR, but not in MODFLOW-USG (which uses an entirely different discretization). Once the package is selected in the [[GMS:MODFLOW Packages Supported in GMS|''MODFLOW Packages/Processes'' dialog]] the PEST ASP options are accessed via the '''''PEST ASP Package''''' (Advanced Spatial Parameterization) command in the ''MODFLOW'' | ''Optional Packages'' menu. The options are as  follows:
[[File:PEST-ASP.jpg|thumb|400 px|Example of the MODFLOW ''PEST-ASP Options'' dialog.]]
==Do Not Stop on Non-Convergence==
==Do Not Stop on Non-Convergence==


The "Do not stop ..." option is used for transient simulations. When this  option is on, if the MODFLOW model does not converge for a particular time step,  it continues to the next time step rather than aborting.
The ''Do not stop ...'' option is used for transient simulations. When this  option is on, if the MODFLOW model does not converge for a particular time step,  it continues to the next time step rather than aborting.


==Assign Bottom Elevation to Dry Cells==
==Assign Bottom Elevation to Dry Cells==


During a normal MODFLOW run, if a cell goes dry, the HDRY value assigned in  the BCF package is assigned to the cell. The default value for HDRY is -888. At  each iteration of the inverse model run (each time a MODFLOW solution is found),  the inverse model interpolates the computed head values to the observation  points and computes the residual error. This error is factored into the  objective function. If the head at a cell near an observation point suddenly  switches from a normal head value to -888, an extreme discontinuity is  introduced to the objective function and the inverse model may not be able to  converge. This problem can be avoided by turning on the Assign bottom elevation to dry cells option. If this option is on, the bottom elevation associated with  the cell is assigned as the head value for the cell.
During a normal MODFLOW run, if a cell goes dry, the HDRY value assigned in  the BCF package is assigned to the cell. The default value for HDRY is -888. At  each iteration of the inverse model run (each time a MODFLOW solution is found),  the inverse model interpolates the computed head values to the observation  points and computes the residual error. This error is factored into the  objective function. If the head at a cell near an observation point suddenly  switches from a normal head value to -888, an extreme discontinuity is  introduced to the objective function and the inverse model may not be able to  converge. This problem can be avoided by turning on the ''Assign bottom elevation to dry cells'' option. If this option is on, the bottom elevation associated with  the cell is assigned as the head value for the cell.


==Prevent Cell Drying==
==Prevent Cell Drying==


The Prevent Cell Drying option does not allow a cell in the bottom layer to go dry. The head is not allowed to drop below the value corresponding to the specified minimum saturated thickness.  Additional instruction is provided by Richard Winston and in a [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr91536 USGS Open-File]:
The ''Prevent Cell Drying'' option does not allow a cell in the bottom layer to go dry. The head is not allowed to drop below the value corresponding to the specified minimum saturated thickness.  Additional instruction is provided by Richard Winston and in a [http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr91536 USGS Open-File]:


:Use of the wetting capability can cause serious problems with convergence.  You can try to avoid this by several methods.   
:Use of the wetting capability can cause serious problems with convergence.  There are several methods to avoid this.   


:#If you know a cell should never become wet, make it an inactive  cell rather than a variable head cell.   
:#If a cell should never become wet, make it an inactive  cell rather than a variable head cell.   
:#You can adjust the value of the wetting threshold in WETDRY.  (Higher is more stable but may be less accurate.)   
:#Adjust the value of the wetting threshold in WETDRY.  (Higher is more stable but may be less accurate.)   
:#You can decide which neighbors will be checked to decide if a cell  should be wetted using WETDRY.  Often it is better to allow only the cell  beneath the dry cell to rewet it.
:#Decide which neighbors will be checked to decide if a cell  should be wetted using WETDRY.  Often it is better to allow only the cell  beneath the dry cell to rewet it.
:#You can use IHDWET to determine which equation is used to specify  the head in newly wetted cells.
:#Use IHDWET to determine which equation is used to specify  the head in newly wetted cells.
:#You can vary the wetting factor WETFCT.   
:#Can vary the wetting factor WETFCT.   
:#In steady-state conditions you can adjust initial conditions to values that  are close to your best guess of the final conditions to improve stability.   
:#In steady-state conditions, adjust initial conditions to values that  are close to the user's best guess of the final conditions to improve stability.   
:#You can choose a different solver.  The SIP, PCG1, and PCG2 solvers will work  with the wetting capability.  The SOR solver doesn't work well with the wetting  capability.  Note that cells can not change between wet and dry during the inner  iterations of the PCG1 and PCG2 solvers.  The PCG1 solver is no longer included  in the USGS version of MODFLOW.
:#Choose a different solver.  The SIP, PCG1, and PCG2 solvers will work  with the wetting capability.  The SOR solver doesn't work well with the wetting  capability.  Note that cells can not change between wet and dry during the inner  iterations of the PCG1 and PCG2 solvers.  The PCG1 solver is no longer included  in the USGS version of MODFLOW.
:#When using the PCG2 solver, you can set RELAX in the range of 0.97 to 0.99 to  avoid zero divide and non-diagonally dominant matrix errors.  (However, this is  an infrequent cause of instability.  If such an error occurs, PCG2 prints an  error message in the output file and aborts the simulation.)
:#When using the PCG2 solver, set RELAX in the range of 0.97 to 0.99 to  avoid zero divide and non-diagonally dominant matrix errors.  (However, this is  an infrequent cause of instability.  If such an error occurs, PCG2 prints an  error message in the output file and aborts the simulation.)
:#When using the PCG2 solver, you can set DAMP to a value between 0 and 1.     
:#When using the PCG2 solver, set DAMP to a value between 0 and 1.     
:#Unrealistically high conductances on boundary cells can contribute to  instability.  Check the conductances in the Drain, River, Reservoir, Lake,  Stream, and General-Head Boundary packages.  In the Evapotranspiration check the EVT Flux Stress[i] and EVT Extinction Depth which together control the  conductance of evapotranspiration cells.   
:#Unrealistically high conductances on boundary cells can contribute to  instability.  Check the conductances in the Drain, River, Reservoir, Lake,  Stream, and General-Head Boundary packages.  In the Evapotranspiration check the EVT Flux Stress[i] and EVT Extinction Depth which together control the  conductance of evapotranspiration cells.   


:The two most important variables that affect stability are the  wetting threshold and which neighboring cells are checked to determine if a cell  should be wetted.  Both of these are controlled through WETDRY.  It is often  useful to look at the output file and identify cells that convert repeatedly  from wet to dry.  Try raising the wetting threshold for those cells.  It may  also be worthwhile looking at the boundary conditions associated with dry cells.     
:The two most important variables that affect stability are the  wetting threshold and which neighboring cells are checked to determine if a cell  should be wetted.  Both of these are controlled through WETDRY.  It is often  useful to look at the output file and identify cells that convert repeatedly  from wet to dry.  Try raising the wetting threshold for those cells.  It may  also be worthwhile looking at the boundary conditions associated with dry cells.     
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{{Navbox GMS}}
{{Navbox GMS}}
[[Category:MODFLOW]]
[[Category:MODFLOW Packages]]
[[Category:MODFLOW Dialogs]]
[[Category:External Links]]
[[Category:PEST|ASP]]

Latest revision as of 21:29, 6 March 2023

MODFLOW
Pre-processing
MODFLOW Commands
Building a MODFLOW Model
Map to MODFLOW
Calibration
Packages Supported in GMS
Saving a MODFLOW Simulation
Importing MODFLOW Files
Unsupported MODFLOW Features
Run MODFLOW
Post-processing
MODFLOW Display Options
MODFLOW Post-Processing Viewing Options
Reading a MODFLOW Simulation
Tutorials
Packages
Flow: BCF6, HUF, LPF, UPW
Solvers:

DE4, GMG, NWT, PCG,

PCGN, LMG, SIP, SOR,

SMS
Other:

BAS6, BFH, CHD1, CLN,

DRN1, DRT1, EVT1, ETS1,

GAGE, GHB1, GNC, HFB1,

HUF, LAK3, MNW1, MNW2,

OUT1, RCH1, RIV1, SFR2,

STR1, SUB1, SWI2, WEL1,

UZF1
v • e

Prior to version 9.0 this command and dialog were called "Convergence Options".

When performing automated parameter estimation, a set of optimal parameter values can only be found if MODFLOW produces a stable solution for all iterations. One of the things that can cause problems with the inverse model is cells going dry. The dry cell flag that is written to the head array can cause instability in the inverse model, and thus it will not converge. When such problems occur, a successful run may be achieved by turning on some convergence options that have been added to the GMS version of MODFLOW by John Doherty. The PEST-ASP package is available in MODFLOW-2000, -2005, -NWT, and -LGR, but not in MODFLOW-USG (which uses an entirely different discretization). Once the package is selected in the MODFLOW Packages/Processes dialog the PEST ASP options are accessed via the PEST ASP Package (Advanced Spatial Parameterization) command in the MODFLOW | Optional Packages menu. The options are as follows:

Example of the MODFLOW PEST-ASP Options dialog.

Do Not Stop on Non-Convergence

The Do not stop ... option is used for transient simulations. When this option is on, if the MODFLOW model does not converge for a particular time step, it continues to the next time step rather than aborting.

Assign Bottom Elevation to Dry Cells

During a normal MODFLOW run, if a cell goes dry, the HDRY value assigned in the BCF package is assigned to the cell. The default value for HDRY is -888. At each iteration of the inverse model run (each time a MODFLOW solution is found), the inverse model interpolates the computed head values to the observation points and computes the residual error. This error is factored into the objective function. If the head at a cell near an observation point suddenly switches from a normal head value to -888, an extreme discontinuity is introduced to the objective function and the inverse model may not be able to converge. This problem can be avoided by turning on the Assign bottom elevation to dry cells option. If this option is on, the bottom elevation associated with the cell is assigned as the head value for the cell.

Prevent Cell Drying

The Prevent Cell Drying option does not allow a cell in the bottom layer to go dry. The head is not allowed to drop below the value corresponding to the specified minimum saturated thickness. Additional instruction is provided by Richard Winston and in a USGS Open-File:

Use of the wetting capability can cause serious problems with convergence. There are several methods to avoid this.
  1. If a cell should never become wet, make it an inactive cell rather than a variable head cell.
  2. Adjust the value of the wetting threshold in WETDRY. (Higher is more stable but may be less accurate.)
  3. Decide which neighbors will be checked to decide if a cell should be wetted using WETDRY. Often it is better to allow only the cell beneath the dry cell to rewet it.
  4. Use IHDWET to determine which equation is used to specify the head in newly wetted cells.
  5. Can vary the wetting factor WETFCT.
  6. In steady-state conditions, adjust initial conditions to values that are close to the user's best guess of the final conditions to improve stability.
  7. Choose a different solver. The SIP, PCG1, and PCG2 solvers will work with the wetting capability. The SOR solver doesn't work well with the wetting capability. Note that cells can not change between wet and dry during the inner iterations of the PCG1 and PCG2 solvers. The PCG1 solver is no longer included in the USGS version of MODFLOW.
  8. When using the PCG2 solver, set RELAX in the range of 0.97 to 0.99 to avoid zero divide and non-diagonally dominant matrix errors. (However, this is an infrequent cause of instability. If such an error occurs, PCG2 prints an error message in the output file and aborts the simulation.)
  9. When using the PCG2 solver, set DAMP to a value between 0 and 1.
  10. Unrealistically high conductances on boundary cells can contribute to instability. Check the conductances in the Drain, River, Reservoir, Lake, Stream, and General-Head Boundary packages. In the Evapotranspiration check the EVT Flux Stress[i] and EVT Extinction Depth which together control the conductance of evapotranspiration cells.
The two most important variables that affect stability are the wetting threshold and which neighboring cells are checked to determine if a cell should be wetted. Both of these are controlled through WETDRY. It is often useful to look at the output file and identify cells that convert repeatedly from wet to dry. Try raising the wetting threshold for those cells. It may also be worthwhile looking at the boundary conditions associated with dry cells.
Sometimes cells will go dry in a way that will completely block flow to a sink or from a source. After that happens, the results are unlikely to be correct. It's always a good idea to look at the flow pattern around cells that have gone dry to see whether the results are reasonable.

See also


v • e
GMS – Groundwater Modeling System
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Models:FEFLOW  •  FEMWATER  •  HydroGeoSphere  •   MODAEM  •  MODFLOW  •  MODPATH  •  mod-PATH3DU  •  MT3DMS  •  MT3D-USGS  •  PEST  •  PHT3D  •  RT3D  •  SEAM3D  •  SEAWAT  •  SEEP2D  •  T-PROGS  •  ZONEBUDGET
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